• Vehicular autonomous mobility is tackled at the individual or at the system level: self-driving cars (ADAS) versus intelligent transport systems (ITS)
• Self-driving cars seek to replicate human drivers: dominant paradigm with ~$100B in funding, Level 2 installed in multi-million vehicles, Level 3/4 approved  for on-demand cab service, uses a mix of sensors including camera, lidar, radar, GNSS, odometry, etc.
• ITS seeks to solve the autonomy puzzle from the system level: significantly less funding, mostly restricted to pilot programs
• GNSS plays a secondary role in the autonomy stack in spite of its significant advantages  of absolute positioning, weather-agnostic, low computational need due to the threat of spoofing and jamming

• Spoofing includes retransmission of authentic GNSS signals, code/carrier attack, navigation data attack,
• Anti-spoofing solutions include signal processing, cryptographic, and antenna-level defense
• Signal processing defense detects anomalies in the signal power and lack of consistency between different bands and constellations using multi-band multi-constellation set-up
• Cryptographic defense: signal authentication using authentication codes
• Antenna level: Angle of Arrival (AoA) defense w/ antenna arrays
• Signal processing defense incorporated in leading automotive receivers
• Cryptographic  defense: OSNMA launched, incorporation in receivers expected in the coming years
• Antenna level: at R&D/early productization phase, not incorporated in commercially available products

• CECIL consists of a 4 antenna array and attendant analog-to digital, processing and communication board
• It has stand-alone and an integration ready versions
• It recently passed the system level test, moving to proving ground testing at ZalaZONE Proving Ground
• It is capable to detect the angle of arrival of the GNSS signal at the precision level of 5 degrees
• Signal detection and spoofing detection at X sec in hot start and XX sec in cold start in clear line of sight conditions

• Project to be completed by end of 2023 resulting in a proving ground-tested prototype (TRL 5)
• Going forward:
  • Combining signal processing cryptographic, and antenna-level defense in one package
  • Establishing a GNSS Integrity testbed in a proving ground environment with KPIs and certification
  • Targeting anti-spoofing for autonomy in automotive, UAV, and maritime segments
  • Targeting anti-jamming PNT for critical infrastructure

Project no. 2018-1.1.1-MKI-2018-00086 has been implemented with the support provided from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary, financed under the MKI-1.1.1.-2018 funding scheme.